here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
from time immemorial; ancient; time-honoured; time-honored
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to be handed down; to be introduced; to be transmitted; to be circulated; to go along; to walk along
grand; heroic; sublime; fierce
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
protagonist; main character; hero(ine) (of a story); head of household
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
one large animal (horses, cattle, etc.); head (of cattle)
monkey (esp. the Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata); ape; sly person; idiot; hick; sliding wooden bolt (for holding a door or window shut); clasp used to control the height of a pot-hook
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
myself; yourself; I; me; you
kaki (Japanese persimmon) seed; spicy baked or fried mochi chips in this shape
exchange; interchange; switching; reciprocity; barter; substitution
to offer (a suggestion, etc.); to propose (an idea, etc.); to approach with (a proposal, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to exchange glances; to correspond; to counterbalance
injustice; impropriety; unreasonableness; undeserved; unfair; invalid
Sarukanigassen (folktale); The Monkey and the Crab
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki); Chinese persimmon; kaki
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
harvest; crop; ingathering; fruits (of one's labors); gain; result
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to have an eye on; to zero in on
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; content; substance
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)