training; practice; discipline; ascetic practices
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
(arch.) poor; (arch.) unskillful; (arch.) clumsy; I; me
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
terrible; dreadful; terrifying; surprising; startling; tremendous
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
no; that's wrong; it's not like that; isn't it?; wasn't it?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
strange; weird; wonder; mystery; cleverness; adroitness
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
particle used to indicate the speaker's hope, desire, wish, etc. (e.g. "it would be nice if ...", "I wish there were ...", etc.); emphatic particle; particle adding uncertainty
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener); like that; that sort of
easy; simple; there's no way that ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very
well-matched (esp. of a couple); becoming; suitable
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
certainly; without fail; right and wrong; pros and cons