indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
usual; normal; everyday; usually; normally; generally
good thing; strong point; good family; prestigious school; the right moment; utter
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
unreliable; undependable; helpless; forlorn; worried; uneasy
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
fool; idiot; dotage; senility; touched in the head (from); out of it (from)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all