jpdb beta

bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread

4

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

96

but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...

7

hard; solid; stiff; tight; strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved); safe

3

to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on

2

ah; oh; hey!

10

to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!

8

old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago

1

to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed

7

to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)

13

day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date

2

to pass (of time); to elapse

1

aim; object; expectations; prospects; something that can be relied upon; snack served with alcoholic drink; pad

1

to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment

1

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

41

that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)

4

the same night; that night

1

beep; honk (car horn); buzz (buzzer); boo (wrong answer, like buzzer on quiz shows)

5

Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!

2

fry pan; frying pan

2

then; well; so; be; is

11

nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not

8

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

129

oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!

1

indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very

28

yeah; you're right; that's right

2

and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing

4

gotcha; alrighty; got it; OK

2

now; soon; already; yet; further; more

9

knack; skill; bone; skeleton; cremated remains (esp. the bones); ashes

1

to seize; to catch; to obtain; to acquire; to understand; to grasp

1

drumming (noise); beating; rapidly; quickly; continuously; one after the other

1

question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion

4

to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish

4

to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become

5

above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous

2

flood; flooding

2

below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after

3

big fire (buildings, etc. on fire)

2

this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence

9

don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...

18

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

42

great disaster; horrible tragedy; catastrophe; catastrophic event; catastrophic incident; dire calamity

1

bath; bathing; bathhouse; public bath; room for drying lacquerware; base (wooden joint connecting the blade of a hoe, spade, etc., to the handle)

1

genius; prodigy; natural gift

1

you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)

10

you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...

15

you (plural)

1

level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level

2

low (rank, degree, value, content, quality, etc.); low (position); close to the ground; short (height); deep (voice); in a low key

1