indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
in that way; thus; so; so?
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
still; yet; more; still more; as ...; like ...
fortune-telling; divination
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
suffix for familiar person
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
honorific/polite/humble prefix
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
daikon (variety of large white Oriental radish, Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus); ham actor
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)