this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
encounter; being confronted with (e.g. difficulty); meeting with (e.g. accident)
not yet known; unknown; strange
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
living thing; organism; creature; biology
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to coil around; to follow about; to be related to; to concern; to be associated with
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
record; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); results; to record; to document
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
pupil; student; schoolchild
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
use; utilization; utilisation; application
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
mysterious and unconfirmed animals (e.g. chupacabra, etc.)
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
uninhabited island; desert island
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)