jpdb beta

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

11

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

6

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

6

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

4

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

1

too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as

3

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

9

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

5

be; is; did; (have) done; please; do

6

indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very

1

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

4

to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen

1

thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work

1

to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed

2

right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?

4

this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")

7

don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...

2

to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise

1

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

2

I; me

2

good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial

1

this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence

3

to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience

3

Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker

1

to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)

1

now; soon; already; yet; further; more

1

such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!

2

that; those; the

3

to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become

2

yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's

2

what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest

1

in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward

1

also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise

1

again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and

2

-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now

1

adds force or indicates command

3

to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need

1

this sort of; this kind of; like this; such

1

truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic

1

today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays

2

he; him; boyfriend

1

it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?

1

conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation

2

may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly

2

to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)

1

inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)

1

who

1

to show; to display

1

to become; to amount to

1

worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid

1