indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
Yama (king of the world of the dead, who judges the dead); Emma; Yan; Yomna
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
vigilance committee; vigilante corps
promotion of industry; inauguration of a new industrial enterprise
beach; seashore; captured pieces (in the game of go); captured stones; Yokohama; (arch.) riverbank
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
congratulations; felicitations; best wishes; longevity; long life
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so