study of antiquities; archeology
to start work (on); to undertake; to start committing a crime; embarkation; launch
proof; testimony; demonstration; verification; certification
favourite dish (favorite); favourite food
covering; filled in; complete; total; cliched; clichéd; plaintext
bad pun; corny joke; worn-out joke; dad joke
the people; citizens; the populace
kneeling down on the ground; prostrate oneself
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
time; hour; season; time of the year
hail (e.g. of bullets); barrage; storm; rain and hail
steward; butler; court official; deacon (Anglican, Lutheran, etc.)
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
subordinate; underling; henchman; minion
knowing; (an) acquaintance
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
to run (a business); to operate; to carry out; to perform; to hold (a Buddhist or Shinto ceremony)
diastrophism; movement and deformation of the earth's crust; upheaval (e.g. in politics); seismic shift; earthshaking changes
one night; all night; overnight; one evening
eruption; volcanic eruption
to be fragrant; to smell (good); to stink; to smell (bad); to glow; to be bright
dear me!; good gracious!; well; let me see; now
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
terrain; geographical features; topography
to project; to show; to portray; to depict; to describe
one place; (all in) the same place; one spot; one location; one part; one passage
to chip; to be chipped; to be missing (from a set, team, etc.); to be absent; to be lacking (in); to be short (of)
specific; particular; designated; specifying; designating; identifying
care-taking; house-sitting; house-watching; caretaker; house-sitter
all that one has; all that there is; the whole
volcanic range; volcanic chain