today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
brothers and sisters; siblings; half-siblings; step-siblings; mate; friend
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
federation (of states); confederation; commonwealth; union
control; management; supervision
government; government service; the bureaucracy; government post; government official
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
Mr; Mrs; clan; he; him; counter for people
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to succeed; to relieve; to take the place of; to substitute for; to be exchanged; to change (places with)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
why; how; for what reason
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
bad smell; foul smell; offensive odor; stench; stink
to drift; to float; to waft (e.g. a scent); to hang in the air; to be in the air (e.g. a feeling or mood); to wander; to walk around aimlessly
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
smell; scent; aura; whiff; faint, mist-like pattern along the temper line of a Japanese sword
origin; source; basis; base; cause; (raw) material; ingredient
together with; same; both; all; including ...
police; police officer; police station; self-appointed enforcer (of a rule, standard, etc.); busybody
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); canine; squealer; rat; loser; asshole
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
concrete; definite; specific; material; substantial
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole