elder brother; big brother; one's senior; one's elder; old ingredients; stale ingredients
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
relatives; one's family; friends; members of the same organization; followers; henchmen
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
how; in what way; how about
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
come (on); come now; all right; right; well; hmm
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it,...; I mean
soon; before long; slowly; quietly; already; about time
hair; fur; wool; down; plumage
to grow; to spring up; to sprout; to cut (teeth)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
brothers and sisters; siblings; half-siblings; step-siblings; mate; friend
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
the old days; the past; former times; the past ten years; the past decade
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)