be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
opposite; opposition; versus; vs.; to (e.g. "winning a game five to three"); equal footing
ghost; apparition; phantom; spectre; specter; demon
organization; organisation; structure; construction; system (e.g. railroad, transport, party, etc.); tissue; texture (of a rock)
special; particular; peculiar; unique
disaster response; measures to deal with natural disasters; disaster control; disaster recovery
room; wife (of someone of high rank); scabbard; Chinese "Encampment" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
fair complexion; face without makeup; inexperience
group; party; team; squad; section
commander; commanding officer; CO
captain (JASDF, JGSDF); lieutenant (senior grade) (JMSDF)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
vigilance; caution; alertness; precaution; being on guard
strict; severe; stringent; rigorous; rigid; firm
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
headquarters; head office; main office
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go into; to come into; to penetrate; to become complicated
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
probably isn't (doesn't, won't, etc.); don't (doesn't) intend to; intend not to; must not; (when used in an imperative sentence) don't
true character; true form; true colors (colours); consciousness; one's senses
to represent; to signify; to reveal; to show; to express; to make widely known
I; me; personal (affairs, etc.); private; selfishness; partiality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hostility; antagonism; opposition
urgency; exigency; emergency
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
spear; lance; javelin; lance; (arch.) jeering
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)