how; in what way; how about
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
that way; that direction; that (one); that person; there; over there
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to celebrate; to congratulate; to present (a gift) in celebration; to drink in celebration; to wish for (a happy future, good fortune, etc.); to pray for
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
someone else's hands; someone else's possession; hand (worker); aide; labor; labour
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to run away; to flee; to make off; to start to run away
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
rood (measure of land area)
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis