indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
dock; thorough physical examination
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
withdrawal; secession; separation; breakaway
bye-bye; good-bye; see you; saying goodbye; parting
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to touch; to feel; to get involved (with); to approach; to be harmful to; to hinder
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be broken; to break; to fall through; to come to nothing
to throw; to fling; to heave; to toss
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
consequence; outcome; result; blame
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to jump about; to jump around; to bounce about; to romp about
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to cure; to heal; to fix; to correct; to do over again; to replace
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
(not so) much; (not) very
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
fingers; fingertips; underling; stooge; tool
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
now; the present time; just now; another; more
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not