to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
J; j; Japan; joule; jack (playing card); tatami mat (as a measure of room size, either 1.82 sqm or 1.54 sqm); Japan Professional Football League
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
new work; new production; new composition; new creation; new title
digital versatile disc; DVD
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to deliver; to forward; to send; to report; to notify; to file notice (to the authorities)
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to dance (orig. a hopping dance)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
willingness (e.g. to do something); eagerness; motivation; inspiration; determination; high aspirations
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
natural; reasonable; obvious; usual; common; ordinary
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)