jpdb beta

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

82

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

45

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

35

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

33

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

29

be; is; did; (have) done; please; do

21

right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?

21

team

20

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

16

pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)

16

I; me

16

too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as

15

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

15

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

14

indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very

14

J; j; Japan; joule; jack (playing card); tatami mat (as a measure of room size, either 1.82 sqm or 1.54 sqm); Japan Professional Football League

14

change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension

13

ah; oh; hey!

11

dance

11

this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence

10

spider

10

you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...

9

to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage

9

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)

8

be; is

8

good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial

8

to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon

8

I; me; you; manservant

8

cannon

8

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

7

Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker

7

ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah

7

judging; inspection; examination; investigation; review

7

attractive; good-looking; stylish; cool; smooth; neat

7

that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you

6

this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")

6

don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...

6

indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!

6

-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now

6

one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of

6

come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see

6

next; hypo- (i.e. containing an element with low valence); order; sequence

6

Tribe Cool Crew

6

to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed

5

was; were

5

to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience

5

now; soon; already; yet; further; more

5

that; those; the

5

here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...

5

and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing

5