that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
composition; piece of music; tune; melody; enjoyment; fun
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to become better; to improve
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
answer; reply; response; answer; solution; result
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); just like (someone)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to hit; to expose; to apply (e.g. patch); to put on; to allot; to call on someone (e.g. in class); to guess (an answer)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
challenge; defiance; dare; attempt; try
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
how; in what way; how about
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
session; jam session; jam
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
I don't know ...; how about ...?; I wonder; what about ..?
ago; since; before; previous
(sound of an) explosion or detonation; roar (of a machine)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
if anything; if pushed I'd say; if I had to say
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to dance (orig. a hopping dance)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience