still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Emishi; historical term for non-Yamato peoples in northern Japan; Yezo (northern part of Meiji-era Japan, esp. Hokkaido, but also Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
opening a new shop; opening a shop (for the day)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
how many years; how long; what year
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
this and that; this or that; one thing or another; this way and that
this and that; this or that; one thing or another; around; about; round about
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
hey!; over here!; OK; gotcha; yep
elementary school student; primary school student; grade school student
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
senior high school student
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to address (someone) without using a suffix such as "-san" or "-chan"; to refer to (someone) without a title suffix
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
new leaves; young leaves; fresh verdure
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
suffix for familiar person
now; the present time; just now; another; more
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days