indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
preeminence; supremacy; distinction; excellence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
strike (e.g. in baseball, bowling)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
ball; ball (pitch that falls outside of the strike zone); bowl; board (cardboard, pasteboard, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
adds force or indicates command
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
suffix for familiar person
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
educational institution; school; academy; campus
championship game; finals (of a tournament); deciding round
strikeout; strike out; fanning out
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to come out; to fall out; to fade; to discolour; to wear a hole (e.g. clothes); to leave (e.g. a meeting); to be clear
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
continuation; succession; series
kilo-; 1000; kilogram; kilogramme; kilometre; kilometer