elementary school student; primary school student; grade school student
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
every year; yearly; annually
summer vacation; summer holiday
when it becomes; when it comes to
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
to go on a trip; to go out to play; to go and visit (a friend)
new leaves; young leaves; fresh verdure
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
forcibly; against one's will
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
though; although; be that as it may; nonetheless
rural area; countryside; the sticks; hometown
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
considerably; fairly; quite
enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; anticipation; looking forward to
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
primary school; elementary school; grade school
pupil in ... year; student in ... year
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
together; at the same time; same; identical
after that; afterwards; thereafter
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become