indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
should; must; -able; probably; likely
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
contradiction; inconsistency
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
myself; yourself; I; me; you
wish; desire; hope; prospect; expectation; (one's) hopes
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
hesitation; bewilderment; illusion; delusion; inability to reach enlightenment
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
barrier; gate; seki (in go); mutual life
bow (weapon); archery; bow (for a violin, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to begin to rain; to begin to snow
after (practically) no time; immediately after; just; having no time to
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
to be needed; to be wanted
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing