indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to attack; to assault; to assail
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
only; merely; just; at most; no more than
degree; amount; grade; standard; of the order of (following a number); about
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
countryside; country; 50-home township (comprised of 2-3 neighbourhoods)
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
people; citizens; subjects; folk
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
decoy (for hunting); stool; lure; decoy; stool pigeon
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
skip it; drop it; I've had enough (e.g. when offered something); that's enough
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
adds force or indicates command
that way; that direction; that (one); that person; there; over there
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
to decrease (in size or number); to diminish; to abate
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?