country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis); qilin (Chinese unicorn)
eggs; egg; (hen's) egg; a ... in the making; future (lawyer, doctor, etc.); beginning
phala (attained state, result); enlightenment (as the fruits of one's Buddhist practice); fruit; counter for pieces of fruit
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
eclipse (solar, lunar, etc.); occultation
by means of; due to; because of; according to
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
Mount Penglai; Penglai Island; sacred mountain (e.g. Mount Fuji, Mount Kumano, etc.); Kansai New Year decoration (made from food); Formosa; Taiwan
to drain; to pour; to float (e.g. logs down a river); to set adrift; to wash away; to carry away; to broadcast
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
Japanese mugwort (Artemisia princeps); mugwort (any plant of genus Artemisia); wormwood; sagebrush
palace; tonic (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, or confinement for women); zodiacal sign
whole; entirety; to begin with; in the first place; ... the heck (e.g. "what the heck?"); ... in the world (e.g. "why in the world?")
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
deep (hole, forest, snow, etc.); dense (e.g. fog); thick (e.g. weeds, woods); close (e.g. relationship); deep (involvement); intense (e.g. longing, flavor); severe
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
female ghost; female apparition; female monster
excluding; except (for); apart from; outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
existence; being; life; survival
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
stand; rest; setting (of a gem); mounting; stock (in grafting); counter for machines and vehicles; level (e.g. price level)
discovery; detection; finding
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
... years old; age (of) ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of