to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
posthumous name; posthumous title
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
nothing but; except; no more than
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
loss (of something); disadvantage; mistake; error; flaw; defect
road; path; way; set of practices; moral education; Buddhist teachings; Taoism
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
willingly; voluntarily; of one's own accord
proposal; offer; request; application
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
somewhere; in some respects; in some way
merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?