indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to shine; to glitter; to be bright
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to erase; to delete; to turn off (power); to switch off; to extinguish; to put out
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn