indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
one night; one evening; all night; overnight
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
meaning; significance; sense
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
feeling refreshed; feeling relieved; neat; tidy; frank; open-hearted; completely
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
artificial intelligence; AI
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
revelation; manifestation; appearance; expression (e.g. in molecular biology; protein expression or gene expression)
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
mission; errand; task; duty; obligation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
probability; likelihood; chances
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort