Liao (dynasty, 916-1125 CE); Khitan Empire
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
Southern Cross (asterism formed with the brightest four stars of the constellation Crux)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
on the same occasion; at the same time; coincidentally; along with; partly (to do, for)
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to shine; to glitter; to be bright
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to carry; to bring (to a place)
to be broken; to break; to fall through; to come to nothing
repair; mending; fixing; servicing
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to cure; to heal; to fix; to correct; to do over again; to replace
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
consequence; outcome; result; blame
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
fall; drop; descent; coming down
site; point on a map; spot