department; section; course (of study); branch of study; (taxonomical) family
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
you (people); gentlemen; ladies and gentlemen; my friends
entry to school or university; matriculation; enrolment (in university, etc.) (enrollment)
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
you (plural); all of you; you all
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
life in a dormitory; dormitory life
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
while; during; while; although; all; both
study; pursuit of knowledge
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(act of) encouragement; stimulus; incentive
practice (in the field); training (esp. practical and hands-on); practical exercise; drill
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
domestic animals; livestock; cattle
to deal with (a person); to treat; to deal with (a problem); to handle; to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to deal in
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
basics; fundamentals; basis; foundation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
that is to say; so that means
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
tethered breeding (livestock); confined stock raising
general; popular; common; typical
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
than; from; out of; except; but; more
nature; natural; spontaneous; naturally; spontaneously
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
form; shape; figure; visage
cattle (Bos taurus); cow; beef; Chinese "Ox" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
to keep (a pet or other animal); to have; to own; to raise; to rear; to feed
-smell; stinking of; smacking of; hinting of
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
coolness; calmness; composure; all right; fine; OK
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn