hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
failing college entrance exams and retaking them a year later
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
takoyaki; octopus dumplings
long thin brown "naoko" mushroom
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
snake; serpent; large snake
shah; former ruler of Iran
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding