to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
honorific/polite/humble prefix
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
in that way; thus; so; so?
thank you (for the meal); that was a delicious meal; thank you (for displaying lovey-dovey behaviour)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
I'm off; see you later; to go (and then come back)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof