indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
battlefield; battleground
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
gathering material (for an article, novel, etc.); collecting information; covering (an event, incident, etc.); reporting; interview (for a news story)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
departure; leaving; setting off
newspaper reporter; print journalist
seeing (someone) off; send-off; deferment; postponement; letting a pitch go by; wait-and-see attitude
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
half-moon; half a month; semicircle
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
I'm off (and will be back later); see you later; to go (and then come back)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
brothers and sisters; siblings; half-siblings; step-siblings; mate; friend
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
lonely (e.g. person, feeling); lonesome; desolate; deserted; sad; lacking
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
one's house; one's home; one's family
envious; jealous; enviable (position, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
observation; survey; watching
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
bustling; busy; crowded; lively (party, voices, etc.); loud; noisy
at; in; at; when; by; with; so