indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to remove; to eliminate; to eradicate; to exclude; to except
one's house; one's home; one's family
number one; first; best; most; game; round
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to compare; to make a comparison; to compete; to vie
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to be in time (for); to serve (suit, meet) the purpose; to be good enough; to be enough
lateness; tardiness; arriving late
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
to be delighted; to be glad; to congratulate; to gratefully accept
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very
deplorable; regrettable; disappointing; vexing; unfortunate
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
another; one more; not quite; not very good; lacking
you (plural); all of you; you all
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)