hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
cattle (Bos taurus); cow; beef; Chinese "Ox" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
rice cracker; senbei; Japanese cracker; rice cookie; wafer
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
takoyaki; octopus dumplings
long thin brown "naoko" mushroom
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
very short and stout; small but quite wide around
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
honorific/polite/humble prefix
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
after all; because; but; even; too; as well