indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
older sister; lass; young lady
mole (Talpidae spp., esp. the small Japanese mole, Mogera imaizumii)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
still; yet; more; still more; as ...; like ...
was it?; I think it was ...; if I've got it right; (I, we) used to ...; I remember ...; it was ...
to dig; to excavate; to delve into; to dig up (e.g. vegetables); (for two men) to have anal sex
long thin brown "naoko" mushroom
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine