indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sickroom; hospital room; ward
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
somewhere; in some respects; in some way
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
name; given name; first name
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to call on someone; to call at a place; to ask; to inquire; to hear; to be told
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; OK; all right; fine; very well; will do
don't you think?; indicates question
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
physician in private practice; town doctor; doctor who served the townspeople (as opposed to the emperor, a daimyo, etc.)
to pass on (a message, thoughts, etc.); to convey; to inform (of a visitor, phone call, etc.); to announce (a visitor); to act as an agent (between a manufacturer, wholesaler, etc. and retailers); to act as an intermediary
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
(another's) daughter; young lady
suffix for familiar person
it's been a long time; long time no see
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
having special circumstances (e.g. problems, issues, advantages, flaws, defects, etc.); imperfect (merchandise); with defects
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
what is called; what you call; what they call; so-called
ace up one's sleeve; trump card; secret skills; secret; (arch.) left hand
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
How did you like ...?; How about ...?; What's going on?; How's it going?
he; she; samurai's attendant (in a var. of origami); type of popular song accompanied by dance from the Edo period
to feel down; to feel sad; to be in a slump (business, economy, etc.); to be in an unfavourable condition; to fall into (e.g. a hole)
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
district; region; the country; countryside; civilian society
crop; crops; (agricultural) produce; farm products
double cropping; two-crop system; operating in one style at day and in another at night (of a restaurant)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)