father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
older brother; elder brother; young man; buddy; fella
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
preferential treatment; special treatment; different treatment; express delivery; special delivery
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
how; in what way; how about
when one was a very young child; very early in one's life
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
endurance; perseverance; patience
to force; to compel; to coerce; to press; to impose
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
tool; implement; means; furniture
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
will; volition; intention; intent; determination
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
now; the present time; just now; another; more
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to choose; to select; to pick (out)
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
older brother; elder brother; brother (as older-brother figure in friendly and or work relationship); young man; buddy
unrelated; irrelevant; unconcerned; unconnected
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
why; how; for what reason