to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
midterm (mid-semester) test or exam
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
so much; so often; oh, yes!; that's it; that's right; quite
therefore; for that reason; such being the case
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
time; hour; period; class
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
high-speed; rapid; express; highway; freeway; expressway
strengthening; intensifying; reinforcement; enhancement; solidification
examination; quiz; test; tryout; rehearsal (in filming)
study; diligence; discount; reduction
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
other self; alter ego; part of oneself (in someone or something else); incarnations of Buddha
one by one; one at a time; in turn
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
poor (at); weak (in); not very good (at); not one's cup of tea; not one's favorite
(school) subject; curriculum; course; item; heading; entry
thoroughness; completeness; consistency; thorough enforcement; seeing to it that a policy, etc. is carried out without exception
review (of learned material); revision
to descend; to go down; to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.); to pass (of time); to surrender; to capitulate; to be less than
polite; courteous; careful; close; overly courteous; overly careful
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it,...; I mean
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
strait with a roaring tidal ebb and flow; whirlpool; kamaboko with a spiral whirlpool-like pattern; cooking technique where ingredients are cut in a spiral pattern; Naruto (city in Tokushima); Naruto Strait; Naruto wakame
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
drumming (noise); beating; rapidly; quickly; continuously; one after the other
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet