indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
magic; Magic Marker; felt-tip pen; magic number
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
now; the present time; just now; another; more
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
putting into operation; invocation
phantom; vision; illusion; extremely rare item
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
dragon (as depicted in Western myths)
one's hand (when playing cards); name tag; nameplate; wallet-sized (photo)
dragon god; dragon king; naga
burr (e.g. on a machined edge)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding