indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
bone; frame; outline; core; backbone; spirit
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game
blocking (e.g. the way); obstructing; block (lump of something (usu. square), area of town, etc.); block; physical record (e.g. on magnetic tape); concrete block; blocking (from view, esp. of websites, on social media, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
phantom; vision; illusion; extremely rare item
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
dragon (as depicted in Western myths)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
Nola (Italy); Nora; Norah
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
deer (esp. the sika deer, Cervus nippon); cervid
magic; Magic Marker; felt-tip pen; magic number
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
deck (e.g. ship, tape, cassette, observation, train vestibule)
dragon god; dragon king; naga
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly