indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
dragon (as depicted in Western myths)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
burst of laughter; roar of laughter
rule; regulation; settlement; conclusion; habit; custom
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
adds force or indicates command
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
supreme ruler; autocrat; dynast; high king
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
attack; assault; attempt; try
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk