indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
bone; frame; outline; core; backbone; spirit
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
phantom; vision; illusion; extremely rare item
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
thief; burglar; robber; theft; burglary; robbery
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
president (of a society); chairman
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
deer (esp. the sika deer, Cervus nippon); cervid
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
supreme ruler; autocrat; dynast; high king
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
in that way; thus; so; so?
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
fat; thick; deep (of a voice); thick; daring; shameless