indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
next (e.g. "next April"); forthcoming; coming; to come; to arrive; to be due to
country in civil war; country disarrayed by war; Warring States period (Japan, China); competiton in which there are several evenly-matched participants; hotly-contested game (match, market, etc.)
championship game; finals (of a tournament); deciding round
demon of the sixth heaven in the realm of desire who tries to prevent people from doing good
opposite; opposition; versus; vs.; to (e.g. "winning a game five to three"); equal footing
raging fire; conflagration
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
apron of a gun; cover for the touch-hole on a cannon or matchlock
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
increasing; uploading; posting (e.g. content); close-up; finishing shooting (of a film, etc.); upswept hairstyle; being up (i.e. leading in sports)
attack; assault; attempt; try
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
magic; Magic Marker; felt-tip pen; magic number
one's hand (when playing cards); name tag; nameplate; wallet-sized (photo)
three flat objects (sheets of paper, pieces of cloth, etc.)
addition; supplement; appending; appendix
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
(computer) monitor; consumer who comments on products, television programs, etc. (programmes); program or utility that monitors a program or activity
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
one by one; one each; one at a time
to shave (wood, leather, etc.); to sharpen (e.g. pencil); to cut down (budget, expenses, staff, time, etc.); to curtail; to delete; to erase
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
unify the nation by force; (lit.) spread military force under the heavens
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into