indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
(computer) monitor; consumer who comments on products, television programs, etc. (programmes); program or utility that monitors a program or activity
attack; assault; attempt; try
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
show (of power, ability, etc.); exhibition; demonstration; display; manifestation
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
war; battle; match; game; competition
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
continuation; succession; series
edge (of a knife or sword); prong (of an electrical plug)
once; one time; one round; one game; one bout; one heat
infinity; infinitude; eternity; infinite; limitless
purple; violet; Lithospermum erythrorhizon (species of gromwell); type of soy sauce
the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way
silver; silver colour; (fig.) snow