Musashi (former province located in parts of present-day Tokyo, Kanagawa and Saitama prefectures)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one turn; spinning around; complete change; reversal; (an) about-face
purple; violet; Lithospermum erythrorhizon (species of gromwell); type of soy sauce
by means of; due to; because of; according to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
that; the matter in question
to inform; to notify; to know; to reign
release; unleashing; liberation; deallocation (of computer memory)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
decision; determination; resolution
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
pure white; blank (e.g. mind, paper)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...