indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
book; volume; this; present; main; head
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
spring day; spring sunlight
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
serious; not joking; straight