here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
father; dad; husband; you; he
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
in that way; thus; so; so?
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make a mess of; to sacrifice; to waste
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
to sell (well); to be well known; to be popular; to be famous
voice actor or actress (radio, animation, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
photo book (esp. one featuring photos of female celebrities, models); photobook
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
adds force or indicates command
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to come of age; to become an adult; to become fully qualified; to stand on one's own
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
such; this sort of; like this
(some) more; even more; longer; further
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
step (of a staircase, etc.); running board (of a bus, train); step (movement); pace; (dance) step; step (in a process)
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
by all means; at any cost; whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; on no account; by no means