indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
blade; sword; forged blade; wavy pattern on forged blades; sharpness; unhulled rice
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
adds force or indicates command
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
night under the midnight sun; white night (at extreme latitudes); night during which the sun doesn't set
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
sweets (desserts, candy, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)