indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
charge (electrical); recharging; charge (fee); topping up (a contactless smart card); recharging; refuelling; charge
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
adds force or indicates command
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
light; right; right field; right fielder