rikka; formal style of ikebana
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
don't you think?; indicates question
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
firefly (Luciola cruciata); lightning bug; glowworm
airsoft (war game using air guns firing plastic pellets); game of survival
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
airsoft (war game using air guns firing plastic pellets)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
idiot; moron; stupid; foolish; trivial; insignificant; malfunctioning
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
to be caught; to be arrested; to hold on to; to grasp; to find (e.g. proof); to get (e.g. a taxi)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
first of all; at once; for now; for the time being; anyway; at least
departure; leaving; setting off
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to re-think; to think back upon; to change one's mind