indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
revival (e.g. musical); come-back; restoration; rebirth; resurrection
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
serious; not joking; straight
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be helpful; to be dependable; to stand by (someone)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
will; intent; desire; will; testament
small token (of gratitude); my (humble) feelings
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
discussion; talk; tête-à-tête; conference
grand; heroic; sublime; fierce
bad ending (in a film, novel, etc.); unhappy ending
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
nevertheless; at any rate; even so; all things considered; be that as it may
bad (taste); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
ramen; Chinese-style noodles
hello; good day; good afternoon
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
spread-out sail; full sail; (sailing) downwind
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to send or direct a person to